A static hazard briefly changes an output that should remain steady; a dynamic hazard makes an output change several times when it should change once. Unequal delays along reconvergent paths cause these effects. Settled truth-table correctness alone does not guarantee clean transitions.
Worked example
For F = AB + (NOT A)C, hold B = C = 1 while A changes. The ideal output stays one, but unequal path delays can briefly make both product terms zero. Adding the consensus term BC bridges that transition without changing the settled function.
What to watch for
The consensus fix addresses this static-1 hazard under the usual single-input-change assumption. Dynamic hazards and simultaneous input changes require broader timing analysis.
Try it yourself
What redundant term removes the analogous static-1 hazard in XY + (NOT X)Z?
Answer: Add YZ. It stays one while X changes when Y and Z are both one, bridging the two paths.
How to study this topic
Keep the original truth table beside your simplified result. Check required ones and zeros separately, and document any don't-care assumptions. A smaller expression is useful only when it still matches the specification.
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